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一則明報沒有報的新聞

In 原來新加坡, 很多問題的地方, 迅間看地球 on 十一月 12, 2009 at 2:54 am

1. 如下題: 中國送兩隻熊貓給新加坡.

2. 問題: 為何新加坡在中國外交策略上佔如此重要的地位?


China sending two pandas to Singapore From Straits Times

SINGAPORE is getting a pair of black and white furry envoys from China to mark the milestone of 20 years of diplomatic relations.
Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao announced yesterday at an Istana state banquet that a pair of giant pandas will be delivered to Singapore, as he expressed confidence that Singapore-Sino relations will reach ‘a new high’.
The endangered creatures, which China rarely sends overseas, will arrive here in 2011 and Chinese diplomacy experts believe it is a sign of deepening friendship between the two nations.
‘It reflects the importance of Singapore in China’s foreign policy. Beijing does not send out pandas lightly,’ said international relations analyst Shi Yinhong of Renmin University.
Singapore joins an exclusive club of overseas panda hosts, becoming only the seventh country since 1994 to receive the black and white creatures from China.
The pair of pandas, a one-year-old female and a two-year-old male, are from the Wolong panda reserve in China’s south-western Sichuan province.
After a period of acclimatisation in Singapore, they will be unveiled to the public as the resident stars of the new $140 million River Safari, slated to open in 2012. The furry creatures will be here for a joint research on pandas and will stay for 10 years.
‘The presence of giant pandas in Singapore would deeply capture the hearts of Singaporeans across all walks of life,’ said the Singapore Foreign Ministry in a statement yesterday.
‘They would also be a fitting symbol of the close friendship and strong ties between Singapore and China as we celebrate 20 years of diplomatic relations next year.’
President SR Nathan, who hosted the five-course banquet in honour of Mr Hu and his wife, hailed the anniversary as ‘the cusp of a new chapter’ in bilateral relations.
‘Singapore remains committed to being a close partner in China’s developmental process. Our two flagship projects – the Suzhou Industrial Park and the Tianjin Eco-city – symbolise the close ties and deep mutual understanding between Singapore and China,’ said Mr Nathan, in a dinner attended by several Singapore Cabinet ministers, including Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong.
Mr Nathan added that Mr Hu’s three-day state visit – his first since he assumed the presidency in 2003 – is a significant milestone in ties between the two countries.
After congratulating Mr Hu on the impressive parade at the Tiananmen Square on Oct 1 during China’s 60th National Day, Mr Nathan assured the Chinese leader that Singapore wants an economically vibrant and successful China, playing a role in the region along with other major powers.
‘Singapore wants China to continue to grow and succeed in all its endeavours. We also believe China’s continued engagement with Asia will progress with shared understanding and consensus among the nations of Asia,’ he said.
Mr Hu, who arrived here yesterday after a state visit in Malaysia, said that he was ‘deeply impressed’ with the new developments in Singapore since his last visit in 2002.
‘With a government known for its efficiency, pragmatism and enterprising spirit, and a people hard-working, talented and constantly striving for improvements, you have made remarkable achievements in building a modern country that enjoys political stability, economic prosperity and social harmony,’ he said, after reviewing the Guard of Honour at the Istana.
Mr Hu also met President Nathan and Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew for talks yesterday, with the Chinese leader praising Mr Lee as the founder of Sino-Singapore relations. Their meeting stretched half an hour longer than its scheduled 45 minutes.
Mr Hu will meet Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and SM Goh today, before giving an address at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation CEO summit tomorrow and joining a politically star-studded ensemble of Apec leaders at Suntec City and the Istana this weekend.
For now, though, the buzz is all about the black and white cuddly ambassadors from China. ‘I think the pandas will be great attractions, especially for families because kids will love them,’ said auditor Jasmine Koh, 23.
‘This is really exciting news. I can’t wait to see them.’
shpeh@sph.com.sg
Additional reporting by Lin Zhaowei

看, 這畫作

In 很多問題的地方 on 一月 31, 2009 at 7:12 am

monkey_painting

 

這幅畫作於五十年代

聽說, 畢卡索很喜愛這幅畫

“五十萬”, 當美國的一位專家站在畫前, 被問到它值多少錢, 她這樣回答.

誰畫? 一隻猩猩, 叫congo.

我從一個電視節目看到. 那個節目叫

“What makes us human?”

一個有趣得很的問題.

那個節目從科學角度來找答案

人類之所以為人, 是因為我們的一些本能

包括模仿, 語言,

但是人相當複雜, 以模仿為例, 人會選什麼人來模仿, 模仿至什麼程度, 選多少人來模仿, 難以估計.

單看本能, 似乎還未能足夠理解”人”這動物, 似乎還需要了解人的本性 (human nature)

提及本性, 是因為”道德”這東西的存在. 在此之前, 先要說明的是, 本性本能之間可以存有差異.

記得看過一套漫畫, 叫”漂流教室”, 故事說一間小學經過一場爆炸以後, 到了未來世界, 一個經過污染以致資源缺乏的世界.

一班小學生異常飢餓, 因而互相殺戮.

飢餓是本能的事, 而會否互相殺戮則是本性的事. 兩者可以有重疊的時候, 同時間也可以有這樣的可能: “不忍殺同伴, 因而選擇自我犧牲”, 這是本性控制本能的一個scenario.

有一本書, 叫 性・演化・達爾文 : 人是道德的動物?”, 作者說其實道德感是本能一種, 用途是令族群互相幫助, 得以繁衍. 換言之, 本能與本性也許是同一種東西, 都是生物學 (biological)的東西.

由財產權 (property right)衍生的”個人主義”好像給了作者一個回應. 在利益當前, 就算是親人也可以不理會, 最要緊的是自己可否獲得最大利益.

節目尾段把鏡頭放在事業女性的瞼上, 配以旁白說: “這些都是不生小孩的事業女性, 從生物學說, 她們的基因不會給傳下去, 換句話說, 是基因自殺. 這情況變得愈來愈普遍, 同時不利人類進化. 為什麼會這樣? 因為有不同的想法誘因驅使他們這樣做, 例如事業成就感, 購買活動換來的high等等.

說本能與本性是同一樣的東西, 似乎建基於”人類活動均為生存繁衍”; 而從上述兩段看, 這樣的說法似乎難以站得住腳.

馬克思曾提出另外一個解答, 來回應片尾的那個問題: 人類行為被生產關係, 經濟模式決定. 然後經歷過歲月巨浪, 他的答案也站不住腳. 因為說人可以被決定 (determined), 是說人沒有自主性, 換言之, 所有我們做的決定都不是我們做的. 如果人沒有自主性, 歷史上是不會有革命的; 浮城香港是不會突然有”本土論述”的. 引伸而言, 充其量, 我們面對的只會是可被打破的局限(constraints)而不是被完全支配(determined).

關於人類行為的支配與自主, 還在被辯論中. 人, 太複雜了. 可以說的是, 人的本性會影響人的行為: 打破或遵守constraints. 當然什麼是constraints, 我們還需再多想一下.

回到開初本性的問題. 它問的仍是那個問題: 人是道德動物嗎? 那即是”性本善”或”性本惡”一類的問題. 有些institutionalist 指制度源於文化, 歷史形成的核心價值, 例如西方最重視的平等與進步(即財富類積). 但是源自西方國家不公義的事卻屢建不鮮, 例如西方國家撐腰的世銀, 國際貨幣基金會屢屢借扶貧之名挾迫窮國開放市場為跨國大公司開路掘金,首要關注的都不是窮國利益. 又例如, 印度小農一直耕作某種農作物. 全球化以後, 有些跨國大公司宣稱他們買了該農作物的專利權, 然後搶了小農的生意. 是什麼原因令公義不能被顯現?

“人” 是一門大學問. 理解”人”可以理解很多東西, 例如什麼才是好的制度, 如何改變制度.

金名: 深感學海真的很大

 

巴黎=浪漫?

In 很多問題的地方 on 十二月 29, 2008 at 6:06 am

上文化研究的課, 看見這幅相

很過癮, 這幅相刊在法國一本LIFE雜誌上, 讀者群達千幾萬人
刊登以後, 大家開始傳頌: “法國, 真浪漫!”
當中有個有趣故事. 相中打O茄輪的”情侶”其實是影相佬Robert Doisneau (April 141912 - April 11994) 找來的模特兒. 兩個模特兒留下了一句: 


(意譯: 幅相係流, 但係個o茄輪係堅)  然後兩個人真成了情侶, 成為一時佳話.
那天,大家很熱烈的討論: “巴黎浪漫在哪?” “單是這幅相, 就能說巴黎=浪漫?” “這幅相告訴了我們什麼?”
影象的威力真厲害, 想起了戰火旗跡中的那幅相
也在想一個問題: “我們的common sense是怎樣來的?”
問: 廣耳, 讀書只有一個原則, 就是濫